• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    "Tower having a prestressed concrete column and construction method". The present invention relates to a hollow column (10) having a wall surrounding an internal space. prestressing cables (15) comprising tendons (1) and two cable terminations (20) are pre-assembled. each tendon being contained in a respective sheath (4) with a protective substance (3). each cable termination comprising a block (30) for anchoring each tendon of a prestressing cable, a chamber (31) filled with a protective substance on one rear side of said block and a sealing system closing the chamber opposite the block. each tendon of the prestressing cable extending through the sealing system and having its coating interrupted in the chamber. The pre-assembled prestress cables are installed in the hollow column's internal space, with the two ends of each cable resting against the retaining portions (25) provided on the upper and lower parts of the column. The prestressing cables may then be tensioned.
    公开号:BR112012015621B1
    申请号:R112012015621-7
    申请日:2010-12-22
    公开日:2019-07-02
    发明作者:Alain Huynh Tong；Benoit Melen
    申请人:Soletanche Freyssinet；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Descriptive Report of the Invention Patent for TOWER HAVING A PROTENDED CONCRETE COLUMN AND CONSTRUCTION METHOD.
    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    The present invention relates to the construction of towers or masts having a prestressed wall.
    Most of the existing concrete towers are prestressed using threaded metal reinforcements in a duct injected with cement mortar. A deficiency of this method is the sensitivity in mortars10 to freeze when it is injected and hardened. This makes the injection steps very complicated when the ambient temperature is below + 5 ° C approximately. Usually, an internal prestressing is used, that is, the duct containing the reinforcements extends into the concrete of the tower wall. This can give rise to difficulties in threading the frames and to ensure proper sealing of the duct when injecting the mortar (see, eg, US patent 7,114,295).
    Certain towers, in particular for wind generators, have a concrete column equipped with prestressing cables having frames made of ropes that can slide on individual cladding without cement mortar injection. An example is described in European patent 1 262 614. An obstacle of this kind of frame is the important differential substitution that can occur between the metallic rope and its plastic coating due to the difference in its thermal expansion coefficients (through a factor of 10 or more between plastic and steel). It is therefore necessary to obtain special measures, particularly when the cables are long and the temperature variation range is large, in order to prevent damage to the coatings when they expand too much or exposure of the mechanical cords to corrosion when the coatings retract too much.
    In general, the installation of prestressing cables for the a30 null wall of a concrete tower is a completely complex operation. It is desirable to make it simpler and to be able to execute it in various weather conditions that can be experienced in this kind of
    2/10 construction. Such simplification increases productivity, which is of particular interest when a number of towers must be built, for example, in the case of windmill farms.
    This document introduces a technique that alleviates or at least reduces the impact of the difficulties discussed above.
    A method of building a tower is proposed, comprising:
    ~ erect a column having an annular wall surrounding an internal space, with support portions provided in the upper and lower parts of the column;
    - pre-assembling prestressing cables comprising tendons and two cable terminations, each tendon being contained in a respective coating with a protective substance, each cable termination comprising a block to anchor each tendon of a prestressing cable, a chamber filled with a protective substance on a rear side and a sealing system closing the chamber opposite the block, each tendon of said prestressing cable extending through the sealing system and having its coating interrupted in said chamber;
    - install the pre-assembled prestressing cables in the internal space of the column, distributing them along the annular wall, the two ends of each cable resting on support portions in the upper and lower parts of the column; and
    - tension the prestressing cables.
    Pre-assembling the prestressing cables makes it possible to perform at ground level most of the operations necessary to install the prestressing cables. The cable terminations are pre-equipped with tendons and sealing systems providing protection from the smooth ends of tendons.
    Preferably, each tendon includes a string of mutually lubricated metal wires and the tendon lining through the protective substance, and the lining is coupled longitudinally with the string so as to follow macroscopic deformations of the string. This significantly limits the elongation differences between the metallic rope and its covering, even in the presence of important temperature variations. This results in better durability of coatings and better efficiency of sealing systems. In particular, the protective substance contained in the tendon linings and / or in the cable termination chambers may be wax. An advantage of this type of substance is that it can easily become malleable through heating when installing the pre-assembled cables and tensioning them.
    The tendon linings can be left exposed to the environment between the cable ends. Steps of installing and injecting a collective wrapper for the tendons of a prestressing cable inside the spine are then dispensed with when the tendons of the tensioned cable extend freely between its two ends.
    For a relatively simple installation of a pre-assembled prestressed cable, it is possible to proceed as follows: raise the cable to bring one of its terminations close to a support portion located at the top of the column; inserting the anchoring block of said termination through a hole provided in said support portion; and connecting a ring to said anchoring block and applying said ring against the retaining portion around said hole.
    Another aspect of the invention relates to a tower comprising a column, having an annular wall surrounding an internal space, support portions located in the upper and lower parts of the column, and prestressing cables to distribute them along the annular wall and extending along the column in the internal space. Each prestressing cable comprises at least one tendon and two combinations of cable cooperating with support portions in the upper and lower parts of the column. Each cable termination comprises an anchoring block, a chamber filled with wax on the rear side of said block and a sealing system closing the chamber opposite the block. Each tendon is contained with a protective substance in a respective coating extending through the sealing system of a cable termination at each end of the tendon and interrupted in the chamber of said termination to let the tendon be kept in the anchorage block.
    Other features and advantages of the method and tower, described here, will become apparent from the following description of non-limiting modalities, with reference to the attached drawings.
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    Figure 1 is a schematic section view of a concrete tower.
    Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of a tendon that can be used on a prestressed cable in the concrete tower.
    Figure 3 is an axial sectional view of a prestressed cable termination.
    DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
    Figure 1 illustrates the principle of a tower structure comprising a concrete column 10. The dimensions and proportions shown in the drawing are not accurate. The column wall 10 is made of a plurality of stabbed concrete segments 11, above a base 12. The base 12 is, for example, made of reinforced concrete.
    The column wall 10 surrounds an internal space, each segment 11 having an annular conformation. The cross section of the column can be polygonal, circular, elliptical, polygonal with rounded corners, etc. In the illustration, the cross section is reduced from the bottom to the top of the column 10. Each segment 11 can be made of a plurality of concrete elements juxtaposed and connected together along the circumference of the column. A bonding material such as cement or resin is also present at the horizontal interface between two adjacent segments 11.
    The prestressing cables 15 are placed along the concrete wall in the internal space and are therefore invisible outside the tower. The prestressing cables 15 are used to hold the concrete elements together and to ensure resistance of the tower to bending forces. They extend substantially over the height of the column 10 between a lower anchoring region 16 and an upper anchoring region 17. In the illustrated embodiment, the lower anchoring regions 16 belong to the
    5/10 base 12 and the highest concrete segment 11A of column 10 has a special shape to include the anchoring regions 17. It will be appreciated that alternative arrangements of the anchoring regions in the lower and upper parts of the column 10 are also possible .
    The prestressing cables 15 are distributed along the circumference of the annular wall of the column 10 (only one cable 15 is shown in the left part of figure 1). The number and distribution of cables 15 and the number and size of tendons 1 of such cables are determined by calculating the structure design before lifting the column.
    Each prestressing cable 15 comprises a plurality of tendons 1 (although, in principle, it could be only one tendon per cable) and two cable ends 20 shown diagrammatically in figure 1. The two ends 20 of a cable 15 are supported in portions respective retaining posts 25 located in the upper and lower parts of column 10. In the illustrated example, the retaining portions 25 are part of the upper anchoring regions 16, 17 and they are provided as metal plates embedded in the concrete of the base 12 and of the highest concrete segment 11A.
    The tendons 1 of the prestressing cables 15 can be of the kind illustrated in figure 2, with a rope of seven steel wires surrounded by an individual plastic coating 4, for example, made of a high density polyethylene (HDPE). A corrosion protection substance 3 is contained with the rope in the sheath 4 in order to lubricate the contacts between the wires 2 and the sheath 4.
    Preferably, tendon 1 is dimensioned so that the liner 4 is coupled longitudinally with the rope. This means that even though microscopic displacements between the wires 2 and the sheath 4 are facilitated by lubricant 3, the sheath is forced to follow macroscopic deformations of the rope. This macroscopic property is useful to avoid significant differences in the elongation of the strings 2 and their coatings 4 when the ambient temperature fluctuates. This results from the helical edges present on the inner face of the coating, which penetrate the helical grooves formed between the adjacent peripheral wires of the rope.
    6/10
    The cooperation between these edges and these grooves allows the combination of macroscopic deformations. The amount of the protective substance 3 is adjusted so that this penetration is not very large, which can cause the coating to lock on the wires by forming adhesion and therefore generate shear stress on the coating. The structure and fabrication of such “semi-stick” strings can be as described in European patent 1 211 350. The amount of malleable corrosion protective substance 3 per unit length of the tendon is adjusted so that it fills the interstices defined by the wires 2 inside of the liner 4, that is, six inner interstices 5 and a peripheral interstice 6 being between the peripheral threads of the rope and the inner face of its liner 4. The thickness of the peripheral interstice 6 is at least 0.05 mm to ensure proper lubrication and limited, depending on the size of the threads, to ensure the macroscopic property mentioned above.
    Each of the cable terminations 20 includes an anchoring block 30, a chamber 31 filled with a corrosion protective substance and a sealing system 32 closing the chamber opposite the block (figure 3). The chamber 31 is bounded at a first axial end by the inner face of the anchoring block 30, transversely by a rigid tube 34 connected to the inner face of the anchoring block 30 and at the axial end opposite the prestressing cable block 15, by the sealing system 32.
    In the illustrated example, the sealing system 32 is in the form of a sealing box through which the coated tendons 1 pass in a sealed manner and which is pressed in a sealed manner against the inner face of the tube 34 due to axial compression. The sealing system 32 has a plurality of parallel hard disks 36A-C perforated according to a pattern corresponding to the arrangement of tendons 1 in the cable cross section 15. The disks 36A-C can slide axially inside the tube 34. Sealing pads 35 of elastomeric material having a combined pattern of perforations are sandwiched between the discs 36A-C and compressed to ensure the sealing action around the plastic linings of the tendons and along the inner face of the rigid tube 34. The disc
    Outermost 7/10 36A, located at the end of tube 34 facing towards the main length of the cable, is in a fixed position being against a return 37 formed at the end of tube 22. The other discs 36B-C hold the pads 35 in compression to make the edges expand and produce the desired seal. For this purpose, control devices cooperate with the innermost disk 36C closest to chamber 31. In the mode described in figure 3, the control devices comprise a rim 40 that is pressed against the innermost disk 36C and threaded bars 41 (just one being described in figure 3). A first end of the threaded bars 41 passes through the respective threaded hole formed in the anchoring block 31. Each threaded bar 41 has a head 42 projecting from the outer face 43 of the anchoring block 30. The threaded bars 41 can be operated by means of their heads 42 to be screwed through the threaded hole, thereby controlling the pressing of the discs 36A-C to obtain the sealing action. It will be realized that other designs of the sealing system and its control arrangement can be used.
    In order to anchor the tendons 1 of the prestressing cable 15, its sheaths 4 are cut to be interrupted inside the chamber 31 of the cable termination 20, as indicated by the reference signal T in the figure
    3. The smooth cords at the end of the tendons 1 are held firmly in the anchoring block 30, for example, by means of conical stem claws 45 engaging complementary holes provided in the block 30.
    An adjustment tube 50 is held on the outside of the rigid tube 34, close to the end of that tube adjacent to the anchoring block 30. A bearing ring 51 in the form of a nut is fixed by screwing on a complementary screw thread formed in the periphery of the adjustment tube 50. The nut 51 rests axially against the annular bearing surface forming part of the support portion 25 receiving the cable termination 20. The adjustment tube 50 is, for example, welded or screwed into the tube 34 while the anchor block 30 is screwed into the adjustment tube 50 using screws 52 which are accessible from the outer face of the anchor block 8/10.
    Furthermore, a cover 55 is sealed on the outer face 43 of the perforated block 15 and is held therein using screws 56. The cover 55 delimits a chamber 57 in which the ends of the smoothed portions of the strings are located, and which contain a substance flexible protecting these ends against corrosion.
    The chamber 57 is filled with the protective substance through an orifice 58 provided in the cover 55. The chamber 57 communicates with the chamber 31 via passages (not shown) formed in the anchoring block 30. Once the tendons 1 were fixed to the cable termination 20, since compression was exerted on the rim 40 using threaded bars 41, and since the cap 45 was sealed tightly to the anchoring block 30, the two chambers 31 and 57 are filled with the protective substance through the orifice 58 which is subsequently closed with a plug.
    Consequently, the metal strings 2 are in contact with a corrosion protective substance for their entire length, that is, in the sheaths 4 over most of the length and in the chambers 31, 57 at the two ends mounted at the ends of the cable.
    In the construction method proposed here, prestressing cables 15 are assembled before being installed on the raised concrete column 10. Pre-assembly can be carried out on the ground. If the outside temperature is low (too low to easily handle the cable components, in particular protective substances), a heated seal can be provided to facilitate the job, which is very difficult if not impossible if mounting on top of the column 10 which can be at a height of the order of 100 m.
    In one embodiment, the pre-assembly of a prestressing cable 15 comprises all or some stages of the following stages:
    - cut tendons 1 to the required length and, at both ends of the cable: expose the required length of the metal cords;
    - insert the tendons 1 into the chamber 31 through the sealing system 32 of a cable termination 20; - and insert them in the an9 / 10 courage 30 block of the cable termination;
    - fix the block 30 to the adjustment tube 50 using the screws 52;
    - fix the ropes to the anchor block 30 using claws 45;
    - activate the sealing system 32, for example, by screwing the threaded bars 41;
    - place cover 55 in place and fill chambers 31, 57 with the flexible protective substance.
    At this stage, the cable terminations 20 are completed except for the bearing nut 51.
    Each retaining portion 25 has a central hole 60 which, as shown in figure 1, extends through the anchoring region 16, 17 at the bottom or top of column 10. As shown in figure 3, hole 60 has a section greater cross-section than the external cross-section of the anchoring block 30. It is also greater than the cross-sections of tubes 34 and 50. However, it is smaller than the external cross-section of the bearing nut 51.
    The pre-assembled prestressing cable 15 is raised to bring one of its terminations 20 close to the retaining portion 25 located at the top of column 10. Then the cable termination is inserted into hole 60 through the upper anchoring region 17 and the retainer portion 25. At this point, the bearing nut 51 is threaded around the adjustment tube 50 and applied against the retainer portion 25 around the orifice 60.
    Likewise, the other cable termination 20 is inserted into hole 60 through the lower anchoring region 17 and its bearing nut 51 is mounted to secure the lower end of the prestressing cable 15.
    Finally, the cable 15 is tensioned. This can be done by pulling the anchor block 30 and screwing the bearing nut (s) 51 into one or both cable ends 20.
    The protective substance 3 within the coatings 4 of the strings is preferably petroleum wax. If the ambient temperature is low, this substance can become fluid by heating the cable when it is handled, in particular when it is unwound to be lifted.
    10/10 and attached to the top of the column. The thermal conductivity of the steel wires 2 helps to soften the wax along the cable. The wax is also preferably used as a corrosion protection substance injected into the cable ends 20.
    In the modality illustrated by figure 1, there is no sheath around tendons 1 composing a prestressing cable 15 between its two ends 20. The linings 4 of tendons 1 provide sufficient protection against corrosion and can therefore be exposed to the environment between the two cable terminations 20. Also, the tendons 1 of the prestressing cable 15 can extend freely between the two cable terminations 20. Therefore, it is not necessary to provide fixation of the tendons to the inner face of each concrete segment 11.
    It will be appreciated that the embodiment described above is an illustration of the invention described here and that various modifications can be made without departing from the scope as defined in the appended claims.
    权利要求:
    Claims (11)
    [1]
    1. Method of building a tower, characterized by the fact that it comprises:
    - erect a hollow column (10) having a wall surrounding an internal space, with support portions (25) provided in the upper and lower parts of the column;
    - pre-assemble prestressing cables (15) comprising tendons (1) and two cable terminations (20), each tendon being contained in a respective jacket (4) with a protective substance (3), each cable termination comprising one block (30) to anchor each tendon of a prestressing cable, a chamber (31) filled with a protective substance on a rear side of said block and a sealing system (32) closing the chamber opposite the block, each tendon of said prestressing cable extending through the sealing system and its sheath interrupted
    15 in said chamber;
    - install the pre-assembled prestressing cables in the internal space of the hollow column, the two ends of each cable resting against support portions in the upper and lower parts of the column; and
    - tension the prestressing cables.
    2. Method according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that each tendon (1) includes a string of mutually lubricated metal wires (2) and with the lining (4) of the tendon through the protective substance (3), the lining being coupled longitudinally with the rope in order to follow macroscopic deformations of the rope.
    Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the protective substance (3) contained in the tendon linings is wax.
    [2]
    2/3 (1) of a tensioned cable (15) are exposed to the environment between the two terminations (20) of said cable.
    [3]
    3/3 protective (3) in a respective covering (4) extending through the sealing system of a cable termination at each end of the tendon and interrupted in the chamber of said termination to let the tendon be kept in the anchoring block.
    [4]
    4. Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the protective substance contained in the
    30 chambers (31) of the cable terminations (20) are grease or wax.
    [5]
    5. Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the linings (4) of the tendons
    Petition 870190021391, of 03/01/2019, p. 3/11
    [6]
    Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tendons (1) of a tensioned cable (15) extend freely between the two terminations (20) of said cable.
    [7]
    7. Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the installation of pre-assembled prestressing cables (15) comprises:
    [8]
    8. Tower comprising:
    - a hollow column (10) having a wall surrounding an internal space;
    20 - support portions (25) located in the upper and lower parts of the column; and
    - prestressing cables (15) extending along the column in the internal space, where each prestressing cable comprises at least one
    25 tendon (1) and two cable terminations (20) leaning against support portions (25) in the upper and lower parts of the column, in which each cable termination comprises an anchoring block (30), characterized by the fact that each cable termination further comprises a chamber (31) filled with grease or wax on one side of said block and a sealing system (32) closing the chamber opposite the block, each tendon being contained with wax as a substance
    Petition 870190021391, of 03/01/2019, p. 4/11
    [9]
    9. Tower according to claim 8, characterized by the fact that each tendon (1) includes a string of mutually lubricated metal wires (2) and with the lining (4) of the tendon through the protective wax (3), the lining being coupled longitudinally with the rope in order to follow macroscopic deformations of the rope.
    [10]
    10, characterized by the fact that the tendons (1) of a prestressing cable (15) extend freely between the two terminations (20) of said cable.
    Tower according to any one of claims 8 to
    10. Tower according to claim 8 or 9, characterized by the fact that the sheaths (4) of the tendons (1) of a prestressing cable (15) are exposed to the environment between the two terminations (20) of said cable.
    Tower according to any one of claims 8 to
    10 - raise the cable to bring one of its terminations (20) close to a support portion (25) located at the top of the column (10);
    - inserting the anchoring block (30) of said termination through an orifice (60) provided in said support portion; and
    15 - connect a ring (51) to said anchoring block (30) and apply said ring against the retaining portion around said hole.
    [11]
    11, characterized by the fact that a support portion (25) receiving a cable termination (20) includes an orifice (60) having a larger cross section than an external cross section of the anchoring block (30) of said termination of cable, the cable termination additionally comprising a ring (51) connected to the anchoring block and applied against the retaining portion around said hole.
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    法律状态:
    2019-01-02| B06T| Formal requirements before examination|
    2019-01-08| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according art. 34 industrial property law|
    2019-05-07| B09A| Decision: intention to grant|
    2019-07-02| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 22/12/2010, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. (CO) 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 22/12/2010, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    EP09306323.8A|EP2339094B1|2009-12-23|2009-12-23|Tower having a pre-stressed concrete column and construction method|
    EP09306323.8|2009-12-23|
    PCT/EP2010/070528|WO2011076866A1|2009-12-23|2010-12-22|Tower having a pre-stressed concrete column and construction method|
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